A few weeks ago I observed that hate crimes against Jewish persons has been on the decline in the long term, with the FBI’s Hate Crimes database showing a drop from 1182 offenses in 1996 to 635 offenses in 2014, with a short uptick in hate crimes starting in 2015 and 2016–with 2016 ending with 834 offenses: substantially higher than in 2014, but much lower than in 1996.
(And this does not factor in a growing Jewish population. Toss that in and we’ve seen a decline from 21.5 offenses per 100,000 in 1996 to 10 offenses per 100,000 in 2014.)
And I observed when the ADL “Audit of Anti-Semitic Incidents” came out, that it’s claims that in 2017 there was a further 57% rise seemed both incorrect and politically motivated. That’s because this was linked hand-in-hand with the Trump Administration: the story is that Trump’s nationalism is similar to the form of nationalism we see in Europe (with cultural subgroups asserting superiority and demanding representation free of outside influence by migrants and other nations), and that nationalism has given rise to hate against Jewish groups who often are the canary in the coal mine.
I contend such an interpretation of the Trump Administration and his popularity in the United States is incorrect.
Well, the Hate Crimes statistics are now out for 2017. And what does the FBI show?
For 2017, there were a total of 976 offenses against Jewish persons–a rise from 2016 of 17%. (Note that this follows a rise of 20% from 2015 to 2016, and a rise of 9.5% from 2014 to 2015–meaning this is the continuation of an upward trend starting in 2015.)
Terrible, certainly.
But not the 57% asserted by the ADL.
My concern with the ADL fundamentally was that it involves self-reported incidents:
The Audit of Anti-Semitic Incidents is composed of criminal and non-criminal incidents of harassment, vandalism, and assault against individuals and groups as reported to ADL by victims, law enforcement, and the media.
That is, if you’re Jewish and someone uses a slur against you, well, it goes into the database. And look at what’s in the database:
Professor made anti-Semitic comments to Jewish student.
Ongoing anti-Semitic harassment from neighbor.
Perpetrator threw a coin at the victim and said “Are you going to pick it up, Jew?”
Now my point here is not to defend the anti-Semitic statements here. Piss poor behavior is piss poor behavior, and the individuals involved here richly deserve the social shunning that used to accompany assholish behavior.
But my point here is to observe that these events (and others like them) are marginal events–meaning one can either dismiss them or not, depending on how one perceives the overall culture.
That is, if someone makes a statement towards me about my own Native American heritage–I can either let the statement go (if I think it’s an isolated event by some asshole), or I can hang onto the statement and eventually if asked, report the statement (if I think it’s a trend).
And according to the media–a media which even in the words of Larry King, has become obsessed with Trump–every ill in the world can be linked to Trump, who has become to the minds of many officially The Worst Person In The World.™
It’s all Trump. There are no news.
In such an environment, there can be no isolated events. Everything is a trend.
A professor making an anti-Semitic comment? Trump. Angry neighbor? Trump. Holocaust jokes? Trump. Verbal abuse? Trump.
And when it’s a trend, you remember it. You report it. You confirm the trend rather than allow things to go–since that asshole of a neighbor is no longer an isolated incident. He’s part of a bigger movement.
And a lot of things you may have let go under a Democratic President–one whose own side tends to agree with statements like “Jews kill Palestinian Christians” (one of the incidents of harassment now reported in the ADL database)–you won’t let go under a President who you see as advocating a particularly racist form of European-style nationalism.
What makes the FBI Uniform Crime Statistics interesting is that it reports incidents of crime (including vandalism and assault) from a third party: police agencies who are charged with submitting reports to the FBI regardless of the current administration or the current political atmosphere.
There are two shortcomings of the data. First, it tends to under-report–as it requires people to contact the police and file a report. And as we all know, crimes tend to be under-reported–though in a similar atmosphere where you see trends rather than isolated incidents, you are more likely to call the police.
Second, it does not cover the entire United States–but only the 4,000-odd police agencies who feed the FBI UCR database.
However, it has the advantage over ADL self-reporting that reports funnel through a nominally impartial third-party reporter. Meaning that while the data may under-report and fail to report in certain regions–the under-reporting and reporting failures are consistent. While absolute numbers may not be right, year-over-year trends are undoubtedly more accurate.
Bottom line: the 17% Y/Y change–one which follows a 10% and 20% uptick from the prior two years–is probably closer to the truth than the ADL’s sensationalized 57%.
Of course the ADL has picked up on this–though they seem to get other numbers wrong. (For example, they suggest the increase from 695 incidents in 2015 to 834 incidents in 2016 as a “5% jump.” Sorry, but my calculator disagrees–and it appears the ADL conflated two statistics in order to color their summary.)
And I think this is, in part, an attempt to vilify President Trump as the instigator of a form of nationalism similar to the brand of nationalism you find in Europe.
To summarize, Europe has, since the days of feudal rule under Monarchs and Manor Lords (where local society was organized around peasants working on an estate owned by an aristocrat), been caught between two opposing viewpoints: one of local control centering around a “people” who share a common culture and common heritage, and one of international control where the aristocrats cooperated under an international umbrella (first provided by the Catholic Church, later provided by international agreement).
Nationalism (centered around a common people and a common culture) verses Internationalism.
This, by the way, was the argument between Hitler and the NAZI party and the Anti-Fascist fighters funded in part by the Communist International party during World War II. Hitler was not a Fascist; Mussolini was the Fascist–a term originally derived from the Latin fasces, a symbol of Roman power. The idea of Fascism is that corporate leaders and government leaders would work hand-in-fist to create a regulated economy integrated into an overall authoritarian state–a top-down organization which treated the population as a resource to be mined or reaped, rather than as individuals whose own lives are important.
Hitler was not a fascist. Hitler was a Socialist who rejected the Communist International. In other words, Hitler believed in the direct government control of corporations (rather than the integration of public and private ownership under central authoritarian rule), and believed in that direct control “in the name of the German people.” But Hitler rejected the cosmopolitan internationalism advocated by the Communist International.
European politics has been caught in this debate for a very long time: top-down (authoritarian) nationalism (which is now driving anti-legal immigrant sentiment in Europe) verses top-down (authoritarian) internationalism–either by cooperating Monarchs, by the rule of a Roman Catholic Church, or by a Communist Party whose membership includes indoctrination of its leadership to support certain common goals, including the goal of wiping out more “offensive” cultural elements which lead to competition and conflict. (Of course those “offensive” cultural elements shift with the winds–such as homosexuality, which in later eras in the Soviet Union was seen as an aberration and a mental disease.)
The problem with using this dichotomy to describe American politics is that both sides in the European debate are authoritarian. That is, both sides ignore the individual, seeing individuals as a natural resource–like corn or coal or cattle–to be reaped, mined, and put to work to advocate national goals that have little (if anything) to do with individual desire.
(There is a reason why both Communism and National-Socialism have such high death tolls associated with them–some 11 million lost in the concentration camps of NAZI Germany, some 100+ million dead under Communist rule: because if individuals are little more than a resource to be used, “breakage” is just a fact of life. You have to break a few eggs to make an omelette, right?)
Americans are, fundamentally, anti-authoritarian.
But critics of the Republicans (and of Trump in particular) still try to cram American politics into this authoritarian nationalist framework–an observation that often makes little sense to Conservatives and Libertarians (in particular) who see themselves as fighting authoritarianism by reducing governmental regulatory burdens which represent the “fasces” of the State.
And that’s why groups similar to the ADL seem to be raising the alarm of nationalism. Not because the “nationalist” term fits well in American politics: after all, as an anti-authoritarian bunch we tend to shoot revenuers (and celebrate this fact), we lie on our taxes, we jay-walk when no-one is looking, and our idea of freedom includes the ability to say fuck you, President Trump without being arrested for insulting the President.
Because in the framework of European authoritarian politics, the opposite of a cosmopolitan internationalism which puts power in the hands of a few for the good of “the people” is the racist nationalism of places like France, which sees any form of expression counter to French culture as an existential threat, one deserving the full power of the State to prevent.
The thing is, there is a third way–one where power originates from the individual, one where the rights of the individual is paramount, one where we believe in statements like:
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,…
One where nation-states are created by the people in order to secure those freedoms:
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
One where the government exist solely to protect the individual and to protect individual rights, rather than to control the people like cattle on a farm.
All of this is just a long winded analysis of why organizations like the ADL are now raising the “nationalism” alarm, and why Trump’s calls for patriotism (by using the “nationlism” word) fails to understand the actual debate in play.
It explains why people are self-reporting more incidents than they were before, and why there is a concerted effort on the part of the Left to conflate concerns with illegal immigration with all immigration, by trying to reframe the debate in the United States in terms of European nationalism verses internationalism.
They are ignoring the existence of a third way–that of a free people who shoots revenuers, an “ungovernable” nation who refuses to be ridden by authoritarian nationalists and internationalists alike.
This “ungovernability” is a feature, not a bug. Because the goal of the government of the United States is not self-sustainability, nor the promotion of a single cultural expression or protecting a language or promoting a homogeneous people–but the protection of individual liberty by securing things like property rights.
And the cries of “nationalism” or the ADL’s inflated statistics are both not helpful, and they completely miss the point–which is why they’ve become increasingly shrill, not realizing that their ultimate goal of promoting a European style cosmopolitan internationalism is a Sisyphean task.